ENGLISH LITERATURE (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -Here Macduff laments the effects of Macbeth’s tyrannical rule on Scotland, where the heavens echo the cries of the widows and orphans left behind by Macbeth’s killing spree. By Act IV, Scotland has become a place of widespread grief and sorrow.

Detailed explanation-2: -4. Pernicious-(adj)causing insidious harm or ruin; ruinous; injurious; hurtful: 5.

Detailed explanation-3: -Scotland has fallen on hard times, with many widows, orphans, and sorrowsIn this act, Macbeth seeks out the witches, just as they initiated the encounter in Act 1. How has his moral character deteriorated? When the witches met Macbeth in Act1, he was a hero returning from battle, having saved his nation from a traitor.

Detailed explanation-4: -The most obvious line of imagery presents Scotland as a suffering body which can bleed, weep and be weakened by wounds. The sickness and suffering of Scotland are caused by the wickedness of Macbeth.