EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -stomate, also called stoma, plural stomata or stomas, any of the microscopic openings or pores in the epidermis of leaves and young stems. Stomata are generally more numerous on the underside of leaves.

Detailed explanation-2: -Lower surfaces are not directly exposed to sun. This tends to reduce excessive water loss. It is a beneficial adaptation to check water loss in plants. Thus, the underside of leaves have more stomata.

Detailed explanation-3: -Botanists call the upper side the adaxial surface (or adaxis) and the lower side the abaxial surface (or abaxis). The epidermis helps in the regulation of gas exchange.

Detailed explanation-4: -Small pores present on the surface of leaves which help in exchange of gases are called stomata.

Detailed explanation-5: -Stomata are pores on the surfaces of leaves that function as bio-mechanical valves which control gas exchange in plants (Raven et al., 2005). Each stoma is bordered by a pair of curved, tubular guard cells (see Figure 1) that work together to control stomatal opening and closing.