EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -A ribosome is an intercellular structure made of both RNA and protein, and it is the site of protein synthesis in the cell. The ribosome reads the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence and translates that genetic code into a specified string of amino acids, which grow into long chains that fold to form proteins.

Detailed explanation-2: -To build proteins, the two ribosomal subunits, small and large, assemble together to form the complete ribosome. It has binding sites for mRNA and transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit sits on top of the small subunit, with the mRNA template sandwiched in between the two.

Detailed explanation-3: -About two-thirds of this mass is composed of ribosomal RNA and one third of about 50+ different ribosomal proteins. Ribosomes are found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; in mitochondria, chloroplasts and bacteria.

Detailed explanation-4: -The ribosome is universally responsible for synthesizing proteins by translating the genetic code transcribed in mRNA into an amino acid sequence. Ribosomes use cellular accessory proteins, soluble transfer RNAs, and metabolic energy to accomplish the initiation, elongation, and termination of peptide synthesis.

Detailed explanation-5: -The Ribosome’s Function: Three Stages. Ribosomes help in producing new proteins by the translational process that involves three stages: initiation, elongation and termination.