EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Cilia and flagella. Cilia and flagella are motile, hair-like projections of the cell surface. They create currents in the surrounding fluid or movements of the cell to which they are attached, or both.

Detailed explanation-2: -The bacterial flagellar motor is powered by the transmembrane electrochemical gradient of ions, namely ion motive force (IMF) and rotates the flagellar filament to generate thrust to propel the cell body.

Detailed explanation-3: -This is done by the organelles Undulipodia, Cilia, and Flagella. In Eukaryotic Cells, Undulipodia (sometimes incorrectly called Flagella, which are actually only present in Prokaryotic Cells) and Cilia are responsible for this movement.

Detailed explanation-4: -A flagellum (plural: flagella) is a long, slender projection from the cell body, which can be directly seen (or rendered visible after appropriate treatment) with the light or electron microscope. Its function is usually to propel a unicellular or small multicellular organism by beating with a whip-like motion.

Detailed explanation-5: -The sperm cells have flagella. Flagella are required in sperm to swim through the female reproductive tract. To reach towards the ovum and carry fertilization.