GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -ENSO is a coupled oscillation in the tropical Pacific Ocean and atmosphere, characterized in the ocean by a shift in the position of the very warm water that makes up the tropical Western Pacific Warm Pool.

Detailed explanation-2: -During an El Niño event, the surface waters in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean become significantly warmer than usual. That change is intimately tied to the atmosphere and to the winds blowing over the vast Pacific.

Detailed explanation-3: -An El Niño condition occurs when surface water in the equatorial Pacific becomes warmer than average and east winds blow weaker than normal. The opposite condition is called La Niña. During this phase of ENSO, the water is cooler than normal and the east winds are stronger. El Niños typically occur every 3 to 5 years.

Detailed explanation-4: -El Niño is a term for the warming phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), a cyclical weather pattern that influences temperature and rainfall across the global. It is a warming of the central to eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.

Detailed explanation-5: -Fishermen off the west coast of South America were the first to notice appearances of unusually warm water that occurred at year’s end. The phenomenon became known as El Niño because of its tendency to occur around Christmas time. El Niño is Spanish for “the boy child” and is named after the baby Jesus.