GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The Montreal Protocol, finalized in 1987, is a global agreement to protect the stratospheric ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODS).

Detailed explanation-2: -By banning new production and use of CFCs, the Montreal Protocol eliminated a significant contributor to climate change, avoiding a potential additional global temperature increase of 0.5 to 1 degree Fahrenheit by 2100.

Detailed explanation-3: -CFCs deplete the ozone layer, but scientists have also learned that they are also potent greenhouse gases, which lead to warming of the Earth’s surface climate. Controlling CFCs helped to reduce greenhouse gas emissions around the world-an important action toward reversing the trend of climate change.

Detailed explanation-4: -Effective stratospheric chlorine. The Montreal Protocol has been successful in slowing and reversing the increase of ozone-depleting gases (halogen source gases) in the atmosphere. An important measure of its success is the change in the value of effective stratospheric chlorine.

Detailed explanation-5: -The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (the Montreal Protocol) is an international agreement made in 1987. It was designed to stop the production and import of ozone depleting substances and reduce their concentration in the atmosphere to help protect the earth’s ozone layer.