GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Convection is the transfer of heat energy in a fluid. This type of heating is most commonly seen in the kitchen with a boiling liquid. Air in the atmosphere acts as a fluid. The sun’s radiation strikes the ground, thus warming the rocks.

Detailed explanation-2: -Convection works by areas of a liquid or gas heating or cooling greater than their surroundings, causing differences in temperature. These temperature differences then cause the areas to move as the hotter, less dense areas rise, and the cooler, more dense areas sink.

Detailed explanation-3: -Convection currents are the result of differential heating. Lighter (less dense), warm material rises while heavier (more dense) cool material sinks. It is this movement that creates circulation patterns known as convection currents in the atmosphere, in water, and in the mantle of Earth.

Detailed explanation-4: -During the day, sunlight heats the ground, which in turn heats the air directly above it via conduction. At night, the ground cools and the heat flows from the warmer air directly above to the cooler ground via conduction.

Detailed explanation-5: -During the day, air above land heats more quickly than air above the water. The warmer air is less dense and the cooler, denser air moves toward the coast, causing a sea breeze. At night, the air over land cools more quickly, reversing the process. The cool air moves toward the water and producing a land breeze.