GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -“ The Kyoto Protocol entered into force on 16 February 2005. 192 Parties have ratified the treaty to date. Under the Protocol, 37 industrialized countries and the European Community have committed to reducing their emissions by an average of 5 percent against 1990 levels over the five-year period 2008-2012.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Kyoto Protocol, a legally binding treaty was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on December 11, 1997 and entered into force on February 16, 2005. The Protocol commits industrialized countries to limit and reduce GHG emissions by 5.2% below the 1990s base year level by 2008–12 in aggregate (the first commitment period).

Detailed explanation-3: -In short, the Kyoto Protocol operationalizes the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change by committing industrialized countries and economies in transition to limit and reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in accordance with agreed individual targets.

Detailed explanation-4: -The remaining is from other greenhouse gases. Carbon dioxide, mainly from fossil-fuel-related emissions, accounted for 80 per cent of global warming since 1990 according to the World Meteorological Organization’s (WMO) latest report from November 2013.

Detailed explanation-5: -To keep global warming to no more than 1.5°C – as called for in the Paris Agreement – emissions need to be reduced by 45% by 2030 and reach net zero by 2050.