GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The atmosphere moderates Earth’s temperature through heat-trapping greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide (CO2). But the ocean is also crucial to climate. It acts as a control knob, absorbing or releasing carbon and heat in response to changes in the atmosphere.

Detailed explanation-2: -The more carbon dioxide, the more the atmosphere warms due to the greenhouse effect. A warmer atmosphere holds more water vapor, which is itself a greenhouse gas. This is how water vapor triples the warming from increasing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.”

Detailed explanation-3: -The atmosphere keeps the temperature of the earth’s surface constant because it is largely made up of air, which is a poor conductor of heat and so prevents heat from escaping from the surface.