GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -From the article, which type of ground soil would result in the least amount of damage to buildings? Structures built on bedrock (the hard, solid material found under some soil and sediment layers) sustain the least amount of damage and withstand earthquake forces best.

Detailed explanation-2: -Soft soil means bigger waves and stronger amplification. In short, the softer and thicker the soil, the greater the shaking or amplification of waves produced by an earthquake. As a result, building damage tends to be greater in areas of soft sediments or deep basins.

Detailed explanation-3: -According to the World Steel Association, ductile buildings are safer as they dissipate energy from seismic waves. A building will typically have ductile parts that can undergo plastic deformations without complete structural failure during an earthquake. Steel is the most common type of material for such parts.

Detailed explanation-4: -Places underlain by thick deposits of unconsolidated sediments will experience a higher amplitude of shaking, at the same distance from the same earthquake, than places underlain by solid bedrock all the way to the surface.