GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Here P wave velocity decreases from 14 to 8.1km/s, indicating the change from solid state to liquid state.

Detailed explanation-2: -P waves can move through solid rock and fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the Earth. It squishes and stretches the rock it moves through just like sound waves compress and expand the air as they move through it.

Detailed explanation-3: -Seismic waves move more slowly through a liquid than a solid. Molten areas within the Earth slow down P waves and stop S waves because their shearing motion cannot be transmitted through a liquid. Partially molten areas may slow down the P waves and attenuate or weaken S waves.

Detailed explanation-4: -The speed of P-waves varies depending on the composition of the material, such as its rigidity, compressibility, and density. For example, P-waves move faster in solids than in liquids and gas.

Detailed explanation-5: -P-wave velocity varies with the lithology, porosity, and bulk density of the material; state of stress, such as lithostatic pressure; and fabric or degree of fracturing.