GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Rayleigh waves move in a backward-rotating motion and cause both vertical and horizontal motion. P waves are able to travel through both solid rock (such as granite) and liquid material (such as volcanic magma or water), while S waves are only able to travel through solid rock.

Detailed explanation-2: -The material through which a wave travels is called a medium. Gases (such as air), liquids (such as water), and solids (such as ropes) all act as mediums. Waves that require a medium through which to travel are called mechanical waves.

Detailed explanation-3: -P waves travel fastest and are the first to arrive from the earthquake. In S or shear waves, rock oscillates perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. In rock, S waves generally travel about 60% the speed of P waves, and the S wave always arrives after the P wave.

Detailed explanation-4: -A P wave is a sound wave traveling through rock. In a P wave, the rock particles are alternately squished together and pulled apart (called compressions and dilatations), so P waves are also called compressional waves. These waves can travel through solids, liquids, and gases.

Detailed explanation-5: -P Waves. The first kind of body wave is the P wave or primary wave. It’s the fastest kind of seismic wave, and the first to arrive at a seismic station. P waves can move through solid rock and fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the Earth.