GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -P waves can become surface waves when they reach Earth’s surface. The Modified Mercalli scale rates the amount of damage from an earthquake. To locate the epicenter of an earthquake, geologists need data from two or more seismographs. In a seismograph, seismic waves cause the drum to vibrate.

Detailed explanation-2: -Surface waves-when S and P waves reach the surface they become surface waves. Surface waves move slower than P and S waves but they can produce severe ground movements. Some surface waves make the ground roll like ocean waves.

Detailed explanation-3: -The two main types of waves are body waves and surface waves. Body waves can travel through the Earth’s inner layers, but surface waves can only move along the surface of the planet like ripples on water. Earthquakes send out seismic energy as both body and surface waves.

Detailed explanation-4: -Primary (P) and secondary (S) waves are two types of waves caused by earthquakes. They are defined based on when they arrive and are felt on the surface. P waves, or primary waves, arrive first while S waves, or secondary waves, arrive second. Both waves cause the ground to shake when an earthquake occurs.