GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Unlike wind-driven waves, which only travel through the topmost layer of the ocean, tsunamis move through the entire water column, from the ocean floor to the ocean surface.

Detailed explanation-2: -Tsunamis are caused by the potential energy of water when it is suddenly uplifted or dropped down relative to the water around it. Under the force of gravity, the water wants to return to a stable position. All tsunamis involve the entire column of water from the sea floor to the ocean surface.

Detailed explanation-3: -Tsunami waves in the deep ocean can travel at high speeds for long periods of time for distances of thousands of kilometers and lose very little energy in the process. The deeper the water, the greater the speed of tsunami waves will be.

Detailed explanation-4: -Tsunami waves are surface gravity waves that are formed as the displaced water mass moves under the influence of gravity and radiate across the ocean like ripples on a pond.