GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Love waves (L waves) only form on the surface of the Earth after a large earthquake. The Love waves moving forward have a horizontal back and forth motion that cause the land to move horizontally back and forth as they move forward. Love waves are also known as Q waves from the German word for horizontal.

Detailed explanation-2: -The L waves travel along the surface of the earth from the point directly above the quake or epicenter. Love (L) waves are shear waves where the shearing (back and forth) motion, is confined to a horizontal plane at the Earth’s surface.

Detailed explanation-3: -P waves travel fastest and are the first to arrive from the earthquake. In S or shear waves, rock oscillates perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. In rock, S waves generally travel about 60% the speed of P waves, and the S wave always arrives after the P wave.

Detailed explanation-4: -S waves move rock particles up and down, or side-to-side, and are always perpendicular to the direction that the wave is traveling in (the direction of wave propagation).