GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Ground shaking may cause seiche, the rhythmic sloshing of water in lakes or bays. It may also trigger the failure of snow (avalanche) or earth materials (landslide). Ground shaking can also change the mechanical properties of some fine grained, saturated soils, whereupon they liquefy and act as a fluid (liquefaction).

Detailed explanation-2: -Earthquakes often trigger landslides, causing significant and even catastrophic damage to houses. If your house is in the path of an earthquake-induced landslide, it is at risk for damage from landslide debris, as well as sliding downhill itself.

Detailed explanation-3: -The tectonic plates are always slowly moving, but they get stuck at their edges due to friction. When the stress on the edge overcomes the friction, there is an earthquake that releases energy in waves that travel through the earth’s crust and cause the shaking that we feel.

Detailed explanation-4: -The area of the fault where the sudden rupture takes place is called the focus or hypocenter of the earthquake. The point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus is called the epicenter of the earthquake.

Detailed explanation-5: -When earthquake shock occurs in waterlogged soils, the water-filled pore spaces collapse, which decreases the overall volume of the soil. This process increases the water pressure between individual soil grains, and the grains can then move freely in the watery matrix.