GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -P waves travel fastest and are the first to arrive from the earthquake. In S or shear waves, rock oscillates perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. In rock, S waves generally travel about 60% the speed of P waves, and the S wave always arrives after the P wave.

Detailed explanation-2: -Note that P waves pass through all layers of the earth, while S waves cannot pass through the solid core of the earth, resulting in an S wave shadow on the opposite side of the earthquake.

Detailed explanation-3: -Seismic waves travel a curving path through the earth due to changes in composition, pressure, and temperature within the layers of the Earth. Seismic waves travel at different speeds through different materials. In this 2-layer model two wave fronts leave an impact at the same time but the lower layer is faster.

Detailed explanation-4: -Rayleigh waves cause both vertical and horizontal ground motion. These can be the most destructive waves as they roll along lifting and dropping the ground as they pass.

Detailed explanation-5: -Body Waves-Primary (P) & Secondary (S) Waves. Surface Waves-Rayleigh & Love Waves.