GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -This is known as ductile deformation and the rock is said to behave plastically. 5. Rocks under low confining pressures near the earth’s surface therefore generally deform through fracturing and faulting.

Detailed explanation-2: -Crustal deformation occurs when applied forces exceed the internal strength of rocks, physically changing their shapes. These forces are called stress, and the physical changes they create are called strain.

Detailed explanation-3: -Stress can cause strain, if it is sufficient to overcome the strength of the object that is under stress. Strain is a change in shape or size resulting from applied forces (deformation).

Detailed explanation-4: -When a rock is subjected to increasing stress it passes through 3 successive stages of deformation. Elastic Deformation–wherein the strain is reversible. Ductile Deformation–wherein the strain is irreversible. Fracture-irreversible strain wherein the material breaks.

Detailed explanation-5: -Crustal deformation refers to the changing earth’s surface caused by tectonic forces that are accumulated in the crust and then cause earthquakes. So understanding the details of deformation and its effects on faults is important for figuring out which faults are most likely to produce the next earthquake.