GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The deeper the sediment layer above bedrock, the more soft soil there is for the seismic waves to travel through. Soft soil means bigger waves and stronger amplification. In short, the softer and thicker the soil, the greater the shaking or amplification of waves produced by an earthquake.

Detailed explanation-2: -Seismic waves travel faster through hard rocks than through softer rocks and sediments. As the waves pass from deeper harder to shallow softer rocks they slow down and get bigger in amplitude as the energy piles up. The softer the rock or soil under a site is, the larger the wave. Softer soils amplify ground motion.

Detailed explanation-3: -Soft materials, such as unconsolidated sedimentary deposits like bay muds and even sedimentary rocks, amplify the shaking. Consequently, locations situated over sedimentary basins or on unconsolidated sedimentary deposits can be especially susceptible to strong shaking.

Detailed explanation-4: -Next come the S, or “secondary, ” waves. These body waves are stronger and travel farther, so more people feel them during an earthquake. As they travel, they move rock particles up and down or side to side. After P and S waves come surface waves, which follow body waves and cause the most damage.

Detailed explanation-5: -As the seismic waves pass from bedrock to soft sediment, they slow down and increase in amplitude. The increase in amplitude causes greater acceleration of the ground at a particular site, which leads to more intense shaking.