GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The particles do not move along with the wave; they simply oscillate up and down about their individual equilibrium positions as the wave passes by.

Detailed explanation-2: -S waves move rock particles up and down, or side-to-side, and are always perpendicular to the direction that the wave is traveling in (the direction of wave propagation).

Detailed explanation-3: -S waves produce vertical and horizontal motion in the ground surface. Particle motion consists of alternating transverse motion. Particle motion is perpendicular to the direction of propagation (transverse).

Detailed explanation-4: -S-waves move up and down. They change the rock’s shape as they travel. S-waves are about half as fast as P-waves, at about 3.5 km (2 miles) per second. S-waves can only move through solids.

Detailed explanation-5: -P waves travel fastest and are the first to arrive from the earthquake. In S or shear waves, rock oscillates perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. In rock, S waves generally travel about 60% the speed of P waves, and the S wave always arrives after the P wave.