GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Answer and Explanation: Surface waves are the seismic waves that cause the most damage. Surface waves are named as such because they move along close to the surface of the Earth. Some waves can move side-to-side, causing a twisting action in the ground.

Detailed explanation-2: -Of the two types of surface waves, the L-waves are the most destructive.

Detailed explanation-3: -Surface waves are of two types viz. Rayleigh Waves and Love waves. Surface waves cause maximum damage to life and property.

Detailed explanation-4: -Ground shaking is the vibration of the ground during an earthquake. The shaking triggers other hazards such as liquefaction and landslides. Most earthquake damage results from the seismic waves passing beneath buildings, roads, and other structures.

Detailed explanation-5: -An earthquake also causes secondary or shear waves, called S waves. These travel at about half the speed of P waves, but can be much more destructive. S waves move the earth perpendicularly to the direction the wave is traveling. Picking up the Slinky again, move it left and right, rather than forward and back.