GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Allopatric speciation, also known as geographic speciation, is speciation that occurs when biological populations of the same species become isolated due to geographical changes such as mountain building or social changes such as emigration.

Detailed explanation-2: -Geographic isolation, or allopatry, is a term used in the study of evolution. When part of a population of a species becomes geographically isolated from the remainder, it may over time evolve characteristics different from the parent population (due to natural selection).

Detailed explanation-3: -Allopatric speciation is just a fancy name for speciation by geographic isolation, discussed earlier. In this mode of speciation, something extrinsic to the organisms prevents two or more groups from mating with each other regularly, eventually causing that lineage to speciate.

Detailed explanation-4: -Allopatric speciation is also termed as geographical speciation, dumbbell model, and vicariant speciation.

Detailed explanation-5: -In allopatric speciation, groups become reproductively isolated and diverge due to a geographical barrier. In sympatric speciation, reproductive isolation and divergence occur without geographical barriers-for example, by polyploidy.