GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Which supports the theory that some mountains were once at the bottom of an ocean? Both mountains and ocean floors have similar minerals in their rocks.

Detailed explanation-2: -Fossils. Fossils provide solid evidence that organisms from the past are not the same as those found today, and fossils show a progression of evolution. Scientists determine the age of fossils and categorize them from all over the world to determine when the organisms lived relative to each other.

Detailed explanation-3: -How do scientists know that some mountains were once at the bottom of an ocean? Freshwater rivers flow to the ocean. Saltwater fish are found in some mountain streams. Dinosaur bones have been discovered in the mountains.

Detailed explanation-4: -The location of fossils in rock layers provides evidence of Earth’s past landscapes. It is hard to guess the age of rock. Scientists have to act like detectives, piecing together a mystery to determine how long ago rocks formed. Fossils found in a particular rock layer help scientists determine the age of the rock.

Detailed explanation-5: -Fossils provide important evidence for evolution and the adaptation of plants and animals to their environments. Fossil evidence provides a record of how creatures evolved and how this process can be represented by a ‘tree of life’, showing that all species are related to each other.