GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Total Organic Carbon (TOC) is the amount carbon atoms tied up in organic compounds in a water sample, and it is a non-specific indicator of water quality (because pure water contains NO carbon). It does not identify specific carbon-containing compounds, only the presence of unwanted organic compounds in pure water.

Detailed explanation-2: -Organics can be toxic to the environment in rivers or streams, even if the compounds themselves are not directly toxic. By depleting oxygen levels in water, organic waste can lead to fish suffocation and can affect water ecosystems in many other ways.

Detailed explanation-3: -Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis measures the total amount of organic compounds in water. It has been used to determine water purification levels for decades in the pharmaceutical, semiconductor, and power generation industries, among many others.

Detailed explanation-4: -TOC is the first chemical analysis to be carried out on potential petroleum source rock in oil exploration. It is very important in detecting contaminants in drinking water, cooling water, water used in semiconductor manufacturing, and water for pharmaceutical use.