GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -An overabundance of nutrients-primarily nitrogen and phosphorus-in water starts a process called eutrophication. Algae feed on the nutrients, growing, spreading, and turning the water green. Algae blooms can smell bad, block sunlight, and even release toxins in some cases.

Detailed explanation-2: -Nutrient pollution is the process where too many nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus, are added to bodies of water and can act like fertilizer, causing excessive growth of algae.

Detailed explanation-3: -Run-off from nearby farmers using nitrogen rich and potassium rich fertilizers leads to little algal growth and organisms cannot get the oxygen they need. Farmers using phosphorous rich fertilizer are also detrimental to wetland marine life because their run-off causes the overgrowth of algae blooms.

Detailed explanation-4: -Some algae absorb and accumulate many heavy metals from the water. Thus the excessive growth of these algae in the water indicates pollution due to heavy metals.

Detailed explanation-5: -By definition, fertilizer runoff is the displacement of fertilizer components, via rainwater and mechanical irrigation, from their intended use on a residential or commercial site, to local water sheds and reservoirs.