GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Runoff is the water discharged into surface water bodies. When rainfall is greater than soil infiltration rate, surface runoff occurs. Factors affecting runoff include rainfall intensity, slope, soil water storage capacity, and infiltration rate [12].

Detailed explanation-2: -Encyclopedic Entry Vocabulary. Runoff occurs when there is more water than land can absorb. The excess liquid flows across the surface of the land and into nearby creeks, streams, or ponds. Runoff can come from both natural processes and human activity. The most familiar type of natural runoff is snowmelt.

Detailed explanation-3: -Surface runoff (also known as overland flow) is the flow of water occurring on the ground surface when excess rainwater, stormwater, meltwater, or other sources, can no longer sufficiently rapidly infiltrate in the soil.

Detailed explanation-4: -Runoff is precipitation that does not soak into the soil but instead moves on the Earth’s surface toward streams. Streamflow is water moving across the Earth’s surface in streams.

Detailed explanation-5: -Surface runoff travels over the ground surface and through surface channels to leave a catchment area called a drainage basin or watershed. The portion of the surface runoff that flows over the land surface towards the stream channels is called overland flow.