GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The process of percolation refers to the subsequent movement of water through subsurface soil pores until it reaches the water table. At this point it becomes groundwater. This is a slow process, which is why more water flows back to the ocean through surface runoff than groundwater discharge.

Detailed explanation-2: -Surface water becomes ground water when it percolates, or filters through, the ground and joins with existing ground water in aquifers.

Detailed explanation-3: -Percolation is the movement of water through the soil itself. Finally, as the water percolates into the deeper layers of the soil, it reaches ground water, which is water below the surface. The upper surface of this underground water is called the “water table".

Detailed explanation-4: -Infiltration and percolation are two related but different processes describing the movement of water through soil. Infiltration is defined as the downward entry of water into the soil or rock surface and percolation is the flow of water through soil and porous or fractured rock.

Detailed explanation-5: -A surface’s ability to hold water in place – thereby preventing runoff – is affected by such factors as the percentage of rock in the soil, the proximity to the surface of rock and groundwater, and the degree to which the soil is compacted. • A percolation test measures the rate at which water seeps into soil.