GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The unsaturated zone is also called the zone of aeration due to the presence of oxygen in the soil. Underneath the water table is the saturated zone, where water fills all spaces between sediments. The saturated zone is bounded at the bottom by impenetrable rock.

Detailed explanation-2: -In some cases, water from the water table is also able to rise into the aeration zone, in a process known as capillarity. Capillarity results from the capillary action of the aeration layer where water is able to climb against gravity from a wet particle to a dry one.

Detailed explanation-3: -Groundwater is the saturated zone of soil/rock below the land surface | U.S. Geological Survey.

Detailed explanation-4: -The zone of aeration consists of three parts: the belt of soil water, the intermediate belt, and the capillary fringe. The belt of soil water, lying just below the land surface, consists of soil and loose materials from which water may be discharged into the atmosphere by plant transpiration or by direct evaporation.