GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Cave: A natural cavity on weak rocks formed by the action of waves is called a cave. Natural cavities are found principally in carbonate rocks due to the processes of sinkhole formation. Caves are generally formed by the dissolution of limestone.

Detailed explanation-2: -A vug, vugh, or vugg (/vʌɡ/) is a small-to medium-sized cavity inside rock. It may be formed through a variety of processes. Most commonly, cracks and fissures opened by tectonic activity (folding and faulting) are partially filled by quartz, calcite, and other secondary minerals.

Detailed explanation-3: -Caves are formed by the dissolution of limestone. Rainwater picks up carbon dioxide from the air and as it percolates through the soil, which turns into a weak acid. This slowly dissolves out the limestone along the joints, bedding planes and fractures, some of which become enlarged enough to form caves.

Detailed explanation-4: -Voids or cavities are open spaces in the ground that are commonly encountered as unforeseen ground conditions in engineering geology.

Detailed explanation-5: -The term karst describes a distinctive topography that indicates dissolution of underlying soluble rocks by surface water or groundwater. Dissolution of rock to create recharge features such as caves and sinkholes is accomplished through chemical reactions.