GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The reason that water flows downhill, of course, is that gravity is a form of potential energy – and the water, or anything that falls or rolls downward – flows in response to that difference, from high to low potential energy.

Detailed explanation-2: -The starting point of all rivers is higher than their end point. However, under the right conditions, small amounts of water can be drawn upwards, against the tug of gravity, through a phenomenon known as “capillary action". For this to occur, however, the water must be confined into a small flow space.

Detailed explanation-3: -Topography and geology are the dominant factors controlling groundwater flow. Storativity describes the property of an aquifer to store water. Hydraulic conductivity is measured by performing a pumping test, i.e. by pumping one well and observing the changes in hydraulic head in neighboring wells.

Detailed explanation-4: -Water always flows downwards due to the gravity of the earth.