GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In reaction (1.1a), gaseous carbon dioxide is dissolved in water, reacting to form carbonic acid (1.1b).

Detailed explanation-2: -Carbonation is the mixing of water with the atmospheric carbon-dioxide to form carbonic acid.

Detailed explanation-3: -Carbonic acid is a weak acid that’s formed from the reaction of carbon dioxide dissolved in water.

Detailed explanation-4: -Speleothems, often called cave formations, are formed as rainwater passes through the soil and absorbs carbon dioxide. As water and carbon dioxide mix it forms a weak acid called carbonic acid, which helps to dissolve underlying rock.