GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The unsaturated zone is also called the zone of aeration due to the presence of oxygen in the soil. Underneath the water table is the saturated zone, where water fills all spaces between sediments. The saturated zone is bounded at the bottom by impenetrable rock.

Detailed explanation-2: -This zone, where all the pores are completely filled with water, is known as the zone of saturation. The uppermost portion of the zone of saturation is known as the water table or the phreatic surface. It forms the dividing line between the zone of aeration and the zone of saturation.

Detailed explanation-3: -The vadose water is further subdivided into three zones, i.e., soil water zone, intermediate zone and capillary zone.

Detailed explanation-4: -Groundwater is all the water that has penetrated the earth’s surface and is found in one of two soil layers. The one nearest the surface is the “zone of aeration", where gaps between soil are filled with both air and water.