GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A confined aquifer is an aquifer below the land surface that is saturated with water. Layers of impermeable material are both above and below the aquifer, causing it to be under pressure so that when the aquifer is penetrated by a well, the water will rise above the top of the aquifer.

Detailed explanation-2: -There are two types of confined aquifers: artesian aquifer and leaky aquifer.

Detailed explanation-3: -Unconsolidated materials like gravel, sand, and even silt make relatively good aquifers, as do rocks like sandstone. Other rocks can be good aquifers if they are well fractured.

Detailed explanation-4: -Unconfined aquifers are where the rock is directly open at the surface of the ground and groundwater is directly recharged, for example by rainfall or snow melt. Confined aquifers are where thick deposits overly the aquifer and confine it from the Earth’s surface or other rocks.