GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In developing countries, human encroachments onto the active flood channel, poor flood management strategies, lack of flood early warning systems, and disposal of solid waste in drainage lines are the major causes of urban flooding.

Detailed explanation-2: -Anthropogenic causes: Encroachments on drainage areas like lakes, wetlands, and riverbeds close off ways for the excess water to flow thus causing floods. Climate change has disrupted the rainfall pattern; also, urban heat lands have increased rainfall over urban areas resulting in flooding.

Detailed explanation-3: -The drainage channels then overtop their natural or artificial banks and water enters the surrounding lands to cause flooding. Also human activities, which damage the environment, for example, sand mining, deforestation and poor garbage disposal, increase the risk of flooding.

Detailed explanation-4: -What are the Causes of Urban Flooding in India? Encroachments on Drainage Channels: In Indian cities and towns, due to increased land prices and less availability of land in the city centre. New developments are coming up in low-lying areas, usually as encroachments over lakes, wetlands and riverbeds.

Detailed explanation-5: -Heavy rainfall. Deforestation. Improper drainage system.