GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Magnetism is caused by the motion of electric charges. Every substance is made up of tiny units called atoms. Each atom has electrons, particles that carry electric charges. Spinning like tops, the electrons circle the nucleus, or core, of an atom.

Detailed explanation-2: -Magnetic fields are associated with naturally occuring magnetic materials. However a magnetic field may be created by moving (rather than static) charges. Moving charges in a magnetic field experience a force F = QVB where Q is the charge and V is the velocity of the charge perpendicular to the field B.

Detailed explanation-3: -Inside a magnet, the atoms at one end contain electrons that all spin in one direction-meanwhile the atoms at the other end contain electrons that all spin in the opposite direction. Rather than spinning in a balanced way, the electrons all line up. This is what creates the magnetic field around the magnet.

Detailed explanation-4: -Magnetic force lines move around charged particles such as electrons, protons, and ions when they are in motion. Electrons in motion create an electric current flowing through a wire, so the wire is surrounded by a magnetic field.

Detailed explanation-5: -Magnetism comes from moving electrons. What do we call moving electrons? Electricity.