GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Thomson discovered a negatively charged particle, called the electron. Rutherford proposed that these electrons orbit a positive nucleus. In subsequent experiments, he found that there is a smaller positively charged particle in the nucleus, called a proton. There is also a third subatomic particle, known as a neutron.

Detailed explanation-2: -Electrons. Electrons are negatively charged particles that generally orbit the nucleus of an atom. Electrons are much smaller than protons or neutrons. Despite being so small, their charge is as strong as a proton, which means that one proton and one electron will balance each other out.

Detailed explanation-3: -The atom’s center, or nucleus, is positively charged and the electrons that whirl around this nucleus are negatively charged, so they attract each other.

Detailed explanation-4: -The nucleus of an atom consists of protons and neutrons. Protons are positively charged, neutrons have no charge and electrons are negatively charged, according to the educational website Lumen Learning (opens in new tab). The properties of an atom depend on the arrangement of these basic particles.

Detailed explanation-5: -Ions with a positive charge are called cations. Ions with a negative charge are called anions.