GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The Earth has a solid inner core and a liquid outer core, both made of iron and nickel. The metal carries an electrical current that is powered by the movement of the liquid. The electrical current creates a magnetic field that reaches out from the core to the surface of the Earth and beyond.

Detailed explanation-2: -The metallic nickel–iron outer core is liquid because of the high temperature. However, the intense pressure, which increases towards the inner core, dramatically changes the melting point of the nickel–iron, making it solid.

Detailed explanation-3: -Scientists know that today the Earth’s magnetic field is powered by the solidification of the planet’s liquid iron core. The cooling and crystallization of the core stirs up the surrounding liquid iron, creating powerful electric currents that generate a magnetic field stretching far out into space.

Detailed explanation-4: -Iron, nickel, and other heavy metals like gold, are what makes up the core of the earth because they are the heaviest of the metals and so sank toward the center of the earth.

Detailed explanation-5: -Relatively buoyant material, such as silicates, water, and even air, stayed close to the planet’s exterior. These materials became the early mantle and crust. Droplets of iron, nickel, and other heavy metals gravitated to the center of Earth, becoming the early core.