GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The magnetic field is generated by electric currents due to the motion of convection currents of a mixture of molten iron and nickel in Earth’s outer core : these convection currents are caused by heat escaping from the core, a natural process called a geodynamo.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Earth’s outer core is in a state of turbulent convection as the result of radioactive heating and chemical differentiation. This sets up a process that is a bit like a naturally occurring electrical generator, where the convective kinetic energy is converted to electrical and magnetic energy.

Detailed explanation-3: -As Earth spins on its axis, the iron inside the liquid outer core moves around. The movement causes powerful electric currents to develop in the liquid iron itself. These powerful currents cause lines of invisible force to stretch around the Earth and thousands of miles into space, creating a magnetic field.

Detailed explanation-4: -The Earth’s magnetic field is mostly caused by electric currents in the liquid outer core. The Earth’s core is hotter than 1043 K, the Curie point temperature above which the orientations of spins within iron become randomized.