GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In the ionosphere, the ions of the solar wind collide with atoms of oxygen and nitrogen from Earth’s atmosphere. The energy released during these collisions causes a colorful glowing halo around the poles-an aurora.

Detailed explanation-2: -Charged particles are the “ammunition” of an aurora. The short answer to how the aurora happens is that energetic electrically charged particles (mostly electrons) accelerate along the magnetic field lines into the upper atmosphere, where they collide with gas atoms, causing the atoms to give off light.

Detailed explanation-3: -How auroras form. Auroras occur when charged particles (electrons and protons) collide with gases in Earth’s upper atmosphere. Those collisions produce tiny flashes that fill the sky with colourful light. As billions of flashes occur in sequence, the auroras appear to move or “ dance “ in the sky.

Detailed explanation-4: -The Chemistry of the Aurora The aurora is caused by the interaction of high-energy particles (usually electrons) with neu-tral atoms in the Earth’s upper atmosphere. These high-energy particles can “excite” (by collisions) valence electrons that are bound to the neutral atom.

Detailed explanation-5: -Auroras are shaped by Earth’s magnetic field, and these forms are consistent with this formation. The appearances of arcs, rays, curtains, and coronas are determined by the shapes of the luminous parts of the atmosphere, as well as a viewer’s position. The uniform arc is the most stable form.