GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Mantle convection drives plate tectonics and deforms Earth’s surface, creating volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, and landslides, and sometimes causing great destruction.

Detailed explanation-2: -Waves, wind, water, and ice shape and reshape the Earth’s land surface by eroding rock and solid in some areas and depositing them in other areas, sometimes in seasonal layers.

Detailed explanation-3: -Earthquakes can also change how groundwater flows which can direct the water to new places, causes new patterns of erosion and even forming new cave systems. Volcanoes change the Earth’s surface by adding new igneous rocks formed from cooling lava as well as a variety of ash and rock fragment debris.

Detailed explanation-4: -Earthquakes often cause dramatic geomorphological changes, including ground movements-either vertical or horizontal-along geologic fault traces; rising, dropping, and tilting of the ground surface; changes in the flow of groundwater; liquefaction of sandy ground; landslides; and mudflows.

Detailed explanation-5: -Gravity and erosion are major factors in changing the shape of the surface of Earth.