GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The main types of the carbonate cement are calcite, dolomite, ferrodolomite and ferrocalcite and the carbonate cement abundance de-creases with depth increasing. Polarizing microscope and SEM reveal that carbonate cement occurs as pore-filling cement, replacement of feldspar, and thin rim surrounding the grains.

Detailed explanation-2: -Carbonate cements can also be formed by biological organisms such as Sporosarcina pasteurii, which binds sand together given organic compounds and a calcium source (Chou et al., 2010). Cementing has significant effects on the properties and stability of many soil materials.

Detailed explanation-3: -Carbonates are a set of minerals made of carbon, oxygen, and a metal element. This calcite referred to as calcium carbonate is the maximum common of the carbonate group.

Detailed explanation-4: -Types of carbonate cements Cements include calcite (0.5–13.5%), dolomite (0.5–5.5%), ferroan calcite (1.5–16%), and ankerite (2–18.5%) (Figure 4). In stained thin sections, calcite cements are pink, ferroan calcite cements are purple, ankerite cements are dark blue, and dolomite cements are unstained.