GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The nicol prism is made in such a way that it eliminates one of the two rays by total internal reflection, thus produces plane polarised light.

Detailed explanation-2: -Polarization can also occur by the refraction of light. Refraction occurs when a beam of light passes from one material into another material. At the surface of the two materials, the path of the beam changes its direction. The refracted beam acquires some degree of polarization.

Detailed explanation-3: -Methods Used in the Polarization of Light Polarization by Scattering. Polarization by Refraction.

Detailed explanation-4: -When the unpolarised light is passed through a polarizer, a linearly or plane polarised light is produced. This plane polarised light when passed through a birefringent ‘quarter wave plate’, two components of the circularly polarised light can be produced.

Detailed explanation-5: -Polarization by Refraction-Refraction is when a light wave travels from one medium to another, it changes its direction and speed. This refracted beam attains some degree of polarization. In the majority of the cases, polarization by refraction occurs in the plane which is perpendicular to the surface.