GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Polarized light microscopy is capable of providing information on absorption color and optical path boundaries between minerals of differing refractive indices, in a manner similar to brightfield illumination, but the technique can also distinguish between isotropic and anisotropic substances.

Detailed explanation-2: -The polarized light microscope is used to analyze the anisotropy of a specimen’s optical properties, such as refraction and absorption. Optical anisotropy is a consequence of molecular order, which renders material properties-such as absorption, refraction, and scattering-that depend on the polarization of light.

Detailed explanation-3: -Polarized light microscopy (PLM) is a technique commonly used in forensic science in identifying and characterizing trace evidence found at crime scenes, such as fibers, hairs, paints, and glass fragments.

Detailed explanation-4: -Cross-polarisation, with regard to visible light, is a process wherein two polarisers with perpendicular orientation to one another are used on the incident and reflected lights. Under cross-polarised light birefringent structures which are otherwise invisible become apparent.