GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In the field of optics, transparency (also called pellucidity or diaphaneity) is the physical property of allowing light to pass through the material without appreciable scattering of light.

Detailed explanation-2: -…the lustre of nonmetallic minerals: vitreous, having the lustre of a piece of broken glass (this is commonly seen in quartz and many other nonmetallic minerals); resinous, having the lustre of a piece of resin (this is common in sphalerite [ZnS]); pearly, having the lustre of mother-of-pearl (i.e., an iridescent…

Detailed explanation-3: -Explanation: Cleavage is defined as the tendency of a crystallized mineral to break along certain directions yielding more or less smooth, plane surfaces. In other words, cleavage are the planes easiest fractures and are essentially indicative of directions of least cohesion.

Detailed explanation-4: -A mushroom rock, rock pedestal, or gour is a typical mushroom-shaped landform that is formed by the action of wind erosion.

Detailed explanation-5: -Quartz has a hardness of 7. It can be scratched by all the minerals harder than 7 on the scale: topaz, corundum, and diamond. On the other hand, quartz can scratch minerals that are softer than 7, from feldspar to talc.