GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Petrology is the study of rocks-igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary-and the processes that form and transform them. Mineralogy is the study of the chemistry, crystal structure and physical properties of the mineral constituents of rocks.

Detailed explanation-2: -In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid chemical compound with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form.

Detailed explanation-3: -Limestone (rock), for example, is often pure calcite (mineral). Anorthosite (rock) is made mostly or entirely of plagioclase (mineral). Quartzite (rock) may be made only of quartz (mineral). Dunite (Figure 1.29), an igneous rock that crystallizes from magma, is often nearly 100% olivine (mineral).

Detailed explanation-4: -Geologists are scientists who study a planet’s solid features, like soil, rocks, and minerals.

Detailed explanation-5: -Minerals are formed naturally by geological processes. A mineral is a homogeneous solid that can be made of single native element or more usually a compound. Minerals make up Earth’s rocks and sands, and are an important component of soils.