GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Runoff happens when there is more water than soil can absorb. Excess water overflows and runs on top of the land. Runoff can come from natural processes, such as icemelt. It can also come from human activity, such as excess irrigation, sewage, and industrial waste.

Detailed explanation-2: -Floods are often caused by heavy rainfall, rapid snowmelt or a storm surge from a tropical cyclone or tsunami in coastal areas. Floods can cause widespread devastation, resulting in loss of life and damages to personal property and critical public health infrastructure.

Detailed explanation-3: -Too much rain or melting snow are the main causes of floods . Sometimes the soil in the ground can make a flood worse. This is because when rain falls, the soil usually soaks it up like a sponge. But when the soil can’t soak up any more water., it will send extra water into a river.

Detailed explanation-4: -Fluvial floods (river floods) A fluvial, or river flood, occurs when the water level in a river, lake or stream rises and overflows onto the neighboring land. The water level rise of the river could be due to excessive rain or snowmelt.

Detailed explanation-5: -Massive Rainfall. Drainage systems and the effective infrastructure design aid during heavy rains. Overflowing of the Rivers. Collapsed Dams. Snowmelt. Deforestation. Climate change. Emission of Greenhouse Gases. Other Factors.