GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -There are many ways that flooding can damage plants. Excessive moisture in soil decreases oxygen levels. This impedes respiration (where energy is released from sugars) in the roots leading to the build-up of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrogen gases. Ultimately, the roots can suffocate and die.

Detailed explanation-2: -Water retention by forests affects the amount and timing of the water delivered to streams and groundwater by increasing and maintaining infiltration and storage capacity of the soil. Forests can soak up excess rainwater, preventing run-offs and damage from flooding.

Detailed explanation-3: -The given statement is false. Deforestation causes a decrease in water holding capacity which results in soil erosion and floods. This happens due to the removal of plants, as plant roots hold water and prevent soil erosion and floods.

Detailed explanation-4: -Construct building-scale rainwater tanks, green walls and other building-scale green infrastructure, such as green roofs. Building-scale rainwater retention tanks collect rainwater runoff from roofs to reduce the amount of water that flows into the city’s streets and waterways.