GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -When volcanoes erupt they can spew hot, dangerous gases, ash, lava and rock that can cause disastrous loss of life and property, especially in heavily populated areas. Volcanic activities and wildfires affected 6.2 million people and caused nearly 2400 deaths between 1998-2017.

Detailed explanation-2: -Since it is lighter than the solid rock around it, magma rises and collects in magma chambers. Eventually, some of the magma pushes through vents and fissures to the Earth’s surface. Magma that has erupted is called lava.

Detailed explanation-3: -Molten rock below the surface of the Earth that rises in volcanic vents is known as magma, but after it erupts from a volcano it is called lava.

Detailed explanation-4: -A volcanic eruption is when lava and gas are released from a volcano-sometimes explosively. The most dangerous type of eruption is called a ‘glowing avalanche’ which is when freshly erupted magma flows down the sides of a volcano. They can travel quickly and reach temperatures of up to 1, 200 degrees Fahrenheit.

Detailed explanation-5: -A volcano’s explosiveness depends on the composition of the magma (molten rock) and how readily gas can escape from it. As magma rises and pressure is released, gas bubbles (mainly of water vapor and carbon dioxide) form and expand rapidly, causing explosions.