GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Fire may also play a role in recycling nutrients from the ground-layer vegetation and litter to the overstorey trees, thereby counteracting the infertile substrates and arrested decay (Vogl 1974).

Detailed explanation-2: -Fires affect animals mainly through effects on their habitat. The extent of fire effects on animal communities generally depends on the extent of change in habitat structure and species composition caused by fire.

Detailed explanation-3: -Positive effects of fire heats the soil, cracking seed coats and triggering germination. triggers woody seed pods held in the canopy to open, releasing seed onto a fresh and fertile ash bed. clears thick understorey reducing competition for seedlings. encourages new growth that provides food for many animals.

Detailed explanation-4: -Some species benefit from wildfire, such as raptors that hunt rodents running from the flames, beetles that move into dead wood and lay eggs, and woodpeckers that feed on them and nest in hollow trees. Fire exposes new grass, shrubs and vegetation in the flowering stage that feed elk and deer.