GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Deep ocean currents are density-driven and differ from surface currents in scale, speed, and energy. Water density is affected by the temperature, salinity (saltiness), and depth of the water. The colder and saltier the ocean water, the denser it is.

Detailed explanation-2: -Deep ocean currents are cold because seawater gets colder with depth. It is also very dense because it contains high salt levels and is more concentrated with oxygen. On the other hand, surface currents are warm and less dense and distribute heat around the earth.

Detailed explanation-3: -The great ocean conveyor moves water around the globe. Cold, salty water is dense and sinks to the bottom of the ocean while warm water is less dense and remains on the surface.

Detailed explanation-4: -Deep ocean currents known as density currents are different from surface currents in that the driving force is gravity and not the winds. Density currents are global (not separated by hemispheres). Surface currents can travel from 500-2000 years before surfacing in a process knowi as upwelling.

Detailed explanation-5: -As the seawater gets saltier, its density increases, and it starts to sink. Surface water is pulled in to replace the sinking water, which in turn eventually becomes cold and salty enough to sink. This initiates the deep-ocean currents driving the global conveyer belt.